None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The participants in this study were early Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) satisfying the criteria of AREDS Category 2. The study was limited to those with no significant macular abnormalities affecting visual acuity. If both eyes met the criteria, the worse side was registered.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Those with a central macular thickness (CMT) greater than 300 µm, higher than severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, a history of infectious ocular disease, or a high risk of developing exudative AMD such as large pigment epithelial detachment, retinal hemorrhage, or GA were excluded. In addition, those with systemic diseases such as malignant tumors, renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, infectious diseases, and cardiopulmonary diseases and those who had taken medicines or health functional foods that might have affected this study within the last 4 weeks were excluded. Prohibited concomitant drugs were retinal (an active aldehyde form of vitamin A), lutein, zeaxanthin, omega 3, beta-carotene, astaxanthin, anthocyanin, and multivitamins.
Design outcomes
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| central macular thickness;central choroidal thickness;Electroretinograpy a wave, b wave, implicit time | — |
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| macular pigment optical density | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital