None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: -The patient are enrolled for spinal anesthesia, as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1-2. The patients did not take sedatives for sleep and opioids as pain killer. -The patients who did not refuse for this study, are enrolled. Age of the patients enrolled for this study are between 50~70 years old. -The surgery limit orthopedic surgery of lower extremity knee operation such as arthroscopy procedure, total knee replacement or ankle arthroscopy which are proper for spinal anesthesia. - Patients who have abnormality of heart or repiratory system which increase risk of hypotension or hypoxia during sedation, is excluded.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria are such as the patients with respiratory disease who did not reveal oxygen saturation within normal limits or who have lumbar surgery and have difficulty with spinal anesthesia, and who have uncontrolled hypertension, or cardiac disease. There are also excluded the patients who have infection at the site of spinal anesthesia, or who have bleeding tendency to increase spinal hematoma.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| total dose of dexmedetomidine for sedation | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| BIspectral index (BIS) scale;Observerlertness of Sedation Scale (OASS),;mean arterial pressure,;heart rate;Use of ephedrine;Use of atropine;Use of nicardipine | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center