None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 19-80 years old patients undergoing posterior vertebral fixation (Level 2-3)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients who did not agree to participate in this study Patients with preoperative bradycardia (less than 50 pulses per minute) and arrhythmia Patients with cardiovascular diseases other than diabetes and high blood pressure (such as coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease) Patients who are hypersensitive to esmolol
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Intraoperative blood loss | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Intraoperative cardiac output and cardiac index | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital