None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: We included patients from 20–79 years of age with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III and who were undergoing elective thyroid surgery by the same surgeon.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: history of allergy or contraindication to opioids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs); severe renal dysfunction with limited use of NSAIDs; bronchial asthma; psychiatric disease; intake of opioids within 1 month before surgery or any analgesics 6 hours before surgery; reoperation on thyroid; or simultaneous radical neck lymph node dissection or other surgeries.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| the intensity of postoperative pain | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Morphine equianalgesic doses (MED);changes of vital sign during surgery | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Asan Medical Center