None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - 19 years and older - Patients having Heart failure (according to the AHA/ESC guideline) - X-ray confirmation of acute pulmonary edema
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Presence of serious congenital heart condition(s) - Poor chance of survival due to pre-existing condition(s) - In need of immediate invasive trachea management, as O2 supply alone would not be helpful due to the severity of the symptoms - On-going dialysis due to renal disease - Reluctance to provide consent due to pre-existing condition(s) or DNR status - Cases of transfer from another healthcare institution following the stabilization of symptoms - Pregnant women - Age less than 19 years - Inability to provide treatment consent due to the severity of respiratory failure, or the absence of legal caregivers to authorize treatment - Decline in consciousness (GCS < 8)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| compare the changes in arterial blood gas levels;compare the changes in breathing rates | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| the rates of intubation and ICU admission | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Yonsei University Health System, Gangnam Severance Hospital