None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: : patients who provided informed consent to participate, who were capable of understanding the questionnaire and had clear consciousness, who were able to communicate, and who were aged 18 years and above.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients with a visual, hearing, linguistic, or mental disorder, severely ill patients, emergency patients, and pregnant women were excluded from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| perineal discomfort | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Changwon National University