None listed
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Yonsei University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria were: Participants with mechanical lower back pain persisting for more than 3 months and pain in the flexion direction of movement (forward bending, sitting, and driving).And screening based on classification of the movement impairment syndrome by Sahrmann was used to confirm flexion pattern subgroup (lumbar flexion syndrome). If this test fails to classify the subgroup, it is excluded from the participants in this study. This classification was checked through primary and secondary tests. The primary test involved determining whether the symptoms increased as the lumbar spine moved in the flexed direction. The secondary test assessed whether the symptoms disappeared or diminished when the movement in that direction was reduced or limited. The test was considered positive if: 1) lumbar spine alignment tended to flex toward neutral and 2) the lumbar spine moved in the direction of flexion with movement of the extremities. The secondary test was performed when symptoms or pain appeared or increased during the primary test. The test included forward bending, quadruped alignment, rocking backwards in a quadruped position, alignment in a sitting position, knee extension in a sitting position, and hip and knee flexion in a supine position.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria were: spinal canal stenosis; spondylolisthesis; spondylitis; large herniated disc sciatica; radiating pain below the knee; previous back surgery; history of known spinal fractures; malignancy; known muscle, nerve, skin, or joint diseases; and pregnancy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| hip internal rotation range of motion;hip flexion range of motion;knee extension range of motion;knee extension with dorsiflexion range of motion;ratio of forward flexion;knee extension strength;hip extension strength;hip flexion strength;lumbopelvic stability | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual analog scale, ,;Oswestry disability index;Short Form-36 (quality of life) | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactSung-hoon Jung
Yonsei University
Outcome results
None listed