None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - The patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I and II who are admitted to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia and agree to participate in this study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Aged 60 or older or under age 19 - ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class = III - Current C-spine diseases or history of c-spine surgery - Planned awake intubation or rapid sequence induction due to difficulty or impossibility of mask ventilation; for example, presence of disease which can induce mechanical airway obstruction, including pharyngeal neoplasm and abscess, or morbidly obesity (BMI of = 35 kg/m2) - Risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration - Sleep apnea - Craniofacial anomaly - Allergic reaction to midazolam - Chronic use of opioids, benzodiazepine, or antipsychotic medications - Pregnancy - Acute narrow angle glaucoma - Risk of muscle weakness or dyspnea such as myasthenia gravis, cerebral infarction - Patients who refuse to participate in the study or we can not receive informed consent from
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Difficulty of mask ventilation (Warters grading scale) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Difficulty of mask ventilation (Han’s grading scale);Anxiety level; VAS score (0 - 10);Sedation level (Observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) scale);Neck flexion during mask ventilation;Vital signs including heart rate, blood pressure, and saturation | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital