None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. patients with endoscopic or robotic thyroidectomy 2. American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical class I-II 3. Aged 19-69 4. patients with informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. ketamine allergy or hypersensitivity 2. risk of increased intracranial pressure ( intracranial hemorrhage , trauma , cancer) 3. risk of increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma) 4. history of schizophrenia 5. history of chronic use of opioid or other pain killer 6. history of thyroid or thoracic surgery 7. BMI over 40 kg/m2 8. inability of understand or expression of the Verbal Numeric Rating Scale
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| degree of anterior chest pain (NRS) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| headache;postoperative nausea;postoperative vomitting;dizziness;diplopia;neurophychiatic symptom( hallucination, bad dream);shivering;degree of axillary pain(NRS);degree of neck pain(NRS);incidence of rescue analgesics after surgery | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Seoul National University Hospital