None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Those patients were included in the study who (a) underwent elective orthopedic knee/hip surgery, resection of a bladder tumor, or hemorrhoidectomy under spinal anesthesia; (b) were aged 18 years and over; (c) were evaluated as an American Society of Anesthesiology Class 1 (a normal healthy patient) or 2 (a patient with a mild systemic disease which was not a functional limitation); and (d) did not suffer from headaches or backache before spinal anesthesia.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients who had a history of headaches, post-dural puncture headache or backache, and had a cognitive impairment were excluded
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Headache | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Backache | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Chungbuk National University