None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients who have communication difficulty 2. Hypersensitivity to ketorolac or nefopam 3. History of severe postoperative nausea or vomiting or motion sickness 4. Severe pulmonary deseases 5. Patients who do not use postoperative patient-controlled analgesia 6. Patients who received analgesics or steroids within 48 h 7. Hepatic or renal diseases 8. Cardiovascular diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Severity of postoperative pain | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| analgesic consumption | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Chonbuk National University