None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Medical Device : FIR therapy was administered for 40 min during HD three times per week and continued for 12 months. Electrified ceramic plates were positioned approximately 25 cm above the skin surfa
Sponsors
Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital Bucheon
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: All enrolled patients are greater than 20 years old. They were maintained with 4 h of HD three times per week in our clinic.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: We excluded patients who underwent HD treatment with catheter, who couldn't maintain at a frequency three times per week, or who couldn't explain and complain pain such as dementia,
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| access blood flow and patency, | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| needling pain | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Public ContactSoo Jeong Choi
Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital Bucheon
Outcome results
None listed