None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in Gachon University, Gil Medical Center.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1) Less than 18 years old, N/A 2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which require oxygen 3) The known reservoirs of carbon dioxide 4) The use of opiate due to chronic pain 5) If the patients can not read or understand Korean 6) Pregnancy 7) If it is determined that the instability is not expected any medical examination or treatment is safe
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary endpoint was safety. It can be seen through the complications occured during or after procedure. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The secondary endpoint of the study was the severity of abdominal pain, as recorded on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Gachon University Gil Medical Center