None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients, aged 65-80 years, undergoing elective total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) and combined spinal epidural (CSE) block (or analgesia or anesthesia) for operation and postoperative pain control were consecutively enrolled in this study
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: general contraindications to lumbar epidural catheterization (blood clotting disorders, infection at the proposed insertion site, patient refusal), severe degrees of vertebral deformities such as hemivertebrae
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| withdrawal forces necessary to remove lumbar epidural catheters in three positions | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| influence of factors on withdrawal force | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Samsung Medical Center