None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1) Patients with endoscopic thyroidectomy 2) American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical class I-II 3) Aged 19-69 4) Informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1) Allergy with Ketamine 2) Chronic use of Opioid, analgesics 3) Previous surgery of thyroid or chest wall 4) Obesity (BMI = 40 kg/m2) 5) Who cannot understand or express pain scale 6) contraindication to opioid or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| anterior chest pain | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| axillary pain;neck pain;total amount of analgesics;postoperative nausea and vomiting;sedation score;headache;dizziness;diplopia;neuropsychiatic symptom(hallucination, bad dream) | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center