None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: patients receicing posterior lumbar internal fixation who did not have underlying cardiovascular diseases except diabetes and hypertension (Amerian Society of Anesthesiologists score I-II) and signed for the study permission
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: patinets who refused to sign for the pesmission patients who have bradycardia under 50 bpm and arrythmia before operation patients who have coronary artery disease or ischemic heart disease patients who are allergic to study drug
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The amount of PCA used | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| pain intensity (VAS, visual analogue scale) | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital