None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Elderly patients (65yrs or older than 65 yrs) - ASA(American society of Anesthesiologists) physical status class I or II - under Spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for orpthopedic surgery or urologic surgery
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: -Patients with bradycardia (preanesthesia: HR <60 bpm) -Patients with hepatic disease or renal disease -Patients with neurologic disorder -Patients on sedatives or hypnotics -Sedatives or hypnotics before anesthesia -Other sedatives or hypnotics during surgery -Incooperative patients -Contraindication of spinal anesthesia such as coagulation abnormality -Spinal anesthetic level higher than T4 with persistent hypotension(systolic BP < 90 mmHg) in spite of ephedrine bolus (5-10 mg)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Sedation level (Ramsay sedation scale score) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| vital signs;respiratory rate | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital