None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 20-60 yr with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status of I-II undergoing elective surgery under spinal anesthesia were included in this study
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients with bradycardia (baseline heart rate < 50 beats min-1), third degree heart block, those taking ß-blockers, those who refused sedation during surgery, and those with AST, ALT, BUN, Cr levels not within the normal range were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Bradycardia (heart rate) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S) | — |
Countries
Korea, Republic of
Contacts
Bundang CHA General Hospital