Chronic low back pain Low Back Pain
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Participants were included if they had low back pain lasting more than 3 months since onset, a visual analog scale (VAS) score of 30 mm or higher for low back pain, and no clearly identifiable cause of the pain, based on the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Low Back Pain published in 2019.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Individuals were excluded if they had a clearly identified cause of low back pain based on diagnostic imaging by a physician, exhibited neurological symptoms in the lower limbs, or did not meet the inclusion criteria described above.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Muscle thickness | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale | — |
Contacts
Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care