Depression
Conditions
Interventions
FeST is a group-based training program designed to enhance the specificity and detail of future thinking. The intervention includes psychoeducation about future thinking, exercises for generating deta
happy"
) and practicing the generation of positive or neutral future thoughts that could occur on the following day per day.
Participants in the control group will be asked during the sessions to recall me
Sponsors
Shinshu University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Experiencing depressive mood symptoms 2. Native Japanese speaker 3. Aged between 18 and 50 years
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Diagnosis of schizophrenia (or having psychotic symptoms) 2. Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder 3. Presence of organic brain disorders
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Vigilance Task The Vigilance Task (Schlagman & Kvavilashvili, 2008) will be administered to assess the frequency, content, and characteristics of involuntary future thinking. In this task, participants perform a monotonous activity in which they judge whether lines presented sequentially on a screen are oriented vertically or horizontally. Participants are instructed to stop the task and report the content of any future thought that spontaneously comes to mind during the task. - Future Thinking Diary Participants will complete web-based diary entries during daily life whenever they experience involuntary future thoughts. - Depressive Symptoms Depressive symptoms will be assessed using the self-report questionnaire DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Future Thinking Task (FTT) The Future Thinking Task (FTT) will be used to assess the frequency, content, and characteristics of voluntary future thinking. Participants will be presented sequentially with cue words (e.g., "interesting", "park") and asked to report a specific future event associated with each cue. Contrast Avoidance Contrast avoidance will be assessed using the self-report questionnaire CAQ (Contrast Avoidance Questionnaire; Llera and Newman, 2017), which measures the tendency to maintain a negative emotional state in order to avoid sudden increases in negative emotion in response to future events. Dampening Dampening will be assessed using the self-report questionnaire LEDS (Leuven Exeter Dampening Scale; Bogaert et al., 2025), which measures a cognitive style characterized by the attenuation or undermining of positive emotions. Impulsivity Impulsivity will be assessed using the self-report questionnaire UPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2014), which measures five psychological dimensions of impulsivity: positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking. ADHD traits ADHD tendencies will be assessed using the self-report questionnaire ASRS. Delay Discounting Task The delay discounting task is a decision-making task in which participants choose between immediate and delayed rewards. Iowa Gambling Task The Iowa Gambling Task is a decision-making task in which participants repeatedly select cards from one of four decks and receive either reward points or loss points as outcomes. Procrastination The tendency to procrastinate will be assessed using the self-report questionnaire GPS (General Procrastination Scale). | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactNoboru Matsumoto
Shinshu University Faculty or Arts
Outcome results
None listed