None (healthy volunteers only)
Conditions
Interventions
28 GHz Single-Frequency Exposure : To evaluate the effects of single-frequency exposure to 28 GHz millimeter-wave radiation on human skin by assessing changes in skin surface temperature, skin blood f
Sponsors
Kurume University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Participants must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Adults aged between 18 and 79 years at the time of obtaining informed consent. 2. Healthy individuals. 3. Individuals who have received sufficient explanation of the purpose and procedures of the study and have provided written informed consent. 4. Individuals who are able to undergo radiofrequency exposure, skin temperature measurement, skin blood flow measurement, and thermal sensation assessment as specified in the study protocol.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Participants meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study: 1. Individuals with skin conditions at the measurement site (dorsal skin) that would make the planned measurements or assessments difficult to perform at the time of the study. 2. Individuals who are judged by the principal investigator or study investigators to be inappropriate for participation in the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome measure is the maximum change in skin surface temperature (change in skin temperature) of the dorsal skin during 5G millimeter wave exposure. Skin temperature is continuously measured before exposure, during exposure, and immediately after exposure, and the maximum change from baseline is calculated. This outcome is assessed under single-frequency exposure at 28 GHz or 2 GHz, as well as under combined exposure to both frequencies. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Time course of skin surface temperature during and after radiofrequency exposure Skin surface temperature is continuously measured before exposure, during exposure, and for a defined period after exposure to evaluate temporal changes relative to baseline. 2. Changes in skin blood flow during and after radiofrequency exposure Skin blood flow at the exposure site is measured before exposure, during exposure, and after exposure, and changes from baseline are evaluated. 3. Subjective assessment of thermal sensation during radiofrequency exposure Thermal sensation is assessed using self-reported thermal sensation scores collected during exposure and immediately after exposure. 4. Changes in stress-related biomarkers before and after radiofrequency exposure Stress-related biomarkers (e.g., salivary cortisol) are measured using biological samples collected before and after exposure, and changes are evaluated. 5. Comparison of physiological responses across exposure frequency conditions Changes in skin temperature, skin blood flow, thermal sensation scores, and stress biomarkers are compared among 28 GHz single exposure, 2 GHz single exposure, and combined exposure to both frequencies. | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactHiroshi MASUDA
Kurume University Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine
Outcome results
None listed