Stroke
Conditions
Interventions
To enhance external validity and generalizability, the data collection period was set to 14 days, during which a baseline phase (A phase) and an intervention phase (B phase) were allocated based on th
Sponsors
Akiyama Neurosurgical Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Participants were required to meet all of the following inclusion criteria. 1 Patients diagnosed with stroke at Akiyama Neurosurgical Hospital. 2 Within 1 month of stroke onset YS An CS et al. 2021. 3 Aged 18 years or older regardless of sex. 4 Presence of upper extremity paresis. 5 Presence of depressive symptoms defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire 9 PHQ 9 score of 5 or higher.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Participants were excluded if they met any of the following criteria. Difficulty following instructed tasks due to cognitive impairment higher brain dysfunction or impaired consciousness. Inability to maintain a sitting position for 30 minutes or longer including wheelchair sitting. Presence of severe pain in the upper extremity. Inability to make clear decisions. Unknown date of stroke onset. No history of psychiatric disorders.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Outcomes were generally assessed after each intervention session by the principal investigator or by the participant. Transient depressive mood was assessed using a patient self rated measure Bui et al. 2024. Assessments were conducted between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. At each assessment participants were asked using identical written materials and standardized verbal instructions "We would like to ask you about your current mood. Are you feeling depressed right now." Responses were rated on a 5 point scale 1 not at all 2 slightly 3 moderately 4 considerably 5 extremely depressed and participants were instructed to select the single response that best reflected their current state. This measure was used to monitor within participant fluctuations in depressive mood over time. Perceived usefulness was assessed using a patient self rated measure Matsuoka et al. 2025. This measure evaluates the subjective usefulness of the paretic upper extremity using a visual analogue scale VAS. Participants were asked "To what extent do you feel that your affected hand is useful" and responded by marking a point on a VAS ranging from 0 not useful at all to 100 extremely useful. Health related quality of life QOL was assessed using the EQ 5D 5L a self administered instrument consisting of five items and requiring approximately 5 minutes to complete. The EQ 5D 5L evaluates five domains mobility self care usual activities pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression based on patient self report. The index score ranges from 0 worst health state to 1 full health. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Upper extremity motor function was assessed using the Fugl Meyer Assessment for the Upper Extremity FMA UE. The FMA UE evaluates motor function of the upper limb wrist and hand as well as reflex activity and coordination with a maximum score of 66 points where higher scores indicate better motor function. The FMA UE has been reported to be an optimal measure for assessing upper extremity function in patients with stroke de Blas Zamorano et al. 2025. The Motor Activity Log MAL was used as a patient self rated outcome measure. The MAL is a semi structured interview that assesses the amount of use and quality of movement of the paretic upper extremity during activities of daily living based on the patient self perception Lang et al. 2008. | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactTatsuya Iwasaki
Akiyama Neurosurgical Hospital Department of Rehabilitation
Outcome results
None listed