Smartphone overuse or dependence
Conditions
Interventions
Participants initially completed baseline assessments of demographic characteristics, risk perception, and behavioral variables related to Internet addiction. Participants in the SAI group completed
Please choose one option in response to each statement, if you are not sure choose the response that most closely reflects your thoughts. All of the questions reflect statements that many people would
They rated the extent to which 32 positive traits or characteristics apply to them (e.g., "
I always get things done"
and "
I value my ability to think critically"
) on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very much unlike me) to 5 (very much like me). These items were developed to encompass a broad spectrum of values and personal strengths. Immediately post-
The activity made me think of positive aspects of myself, think of core values of myself, focus on what I am good at, realize what I value"
) rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater self-affirmation.
Participants initially completed baseline assessments of demographic characteristics, risk perception, and be
Sponsors
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. aged >= 18 years; 2. current enrollment as a college student at a public university in Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China; 3. giving consent for participation. Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1:presence or history of neurologicalor neurodegenerative disorder 2:sensory impairments (e.g., vision or hearing problems) that preclude assessments 3:having a diagnosis of intellectual disability (IQ<70) or a pervasive developmental disorder (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) 4:having a current diagnosis of substance use disorder (excluding Cannabis and Tobacco in the past months).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Psychological questionnaires will be used to measure the primary outcomes, which consist of two main results. Intention for reducing Internet Use: The first outcome will be assessed using three widely used items in social psychology and behavioral interventions: "I intend to reduce Internet use," "I will reduce my Internet use," and "How likely are you to reduce your Internet use?" Message acceptance After experimental tasks and health risk information, message acceptance was measured using a 3-item scale, similar to previous SAI studies. Participants rated the extent to which they perceived the health-risk information as "influential", "convincing", and "providing a good reason to prevent Internet addiction" on a 9-point Likert scale. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Self-control. Self-control was measured using the validated Chinese version of Brief Self-Control Scale (Fung et al., 2020; Morean et al., 2014). Sample items include "I am good at resisting temptation." Cognitive emotional regulation. Emotional regulation approaches, including self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing, were measured using relevant subscales of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short (CERQ-Short) (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). The Chinese version of CERQ has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in undergraduate students (Zhu et al., 2008). Self-efficacy in reducing Internet use. Corroborating prior research (Harren et al., 2021), a single item was used to assess participants' confidence in their ability to reduce Internet use: "If you wanted to, you are confident you could reduce your Internet use". Responses were rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree), with higher scores denoting stronger self-efficacy. | — |
Countries
Asia(except Japan)
Contacts
Public ContactRui She
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
Outcome results
None listed