Healthy adult
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Healthy young adults (approximately 18-30 years old) Able to synchronize breathing with pedaling during the practice session Provided written and verbal informed consent after receiving details of the study purpose, procedures, and potential risks
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of respiratory or cardiovascular disease Musculoskeletal disorders affecting pedaling Current or former smoking history Recent upper respiratory tract infection (within one week) Unable to synchronize breathing during the practice session
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Borg rating of perceived exertion for dyspnea, Borg rating of perceived exertion for leg fatigue | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Shijonawate Gakuen University Faculty of rehabilitation