Healthy adults without known neurological, musculoskeletal, or balance disorders
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1 (Unstable surface with plantar tactile stimulation): Participants performed eyes-closed standing balance tasks on an unstable surface while receiving tactile stimulation through a textured pl
Sponsors
Tokyo Metropolitan University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria were: age between 18 and 50 years; normal or corrected-to-normal vision; intact sensorimotor and proprioceptive function; and ability to provide voluntary informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria included a history of neurological, vestibular, or acute musculoskeletal disorders that could affect balance performance, as well as any communication impairments preventing task understanding.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Balance performance under eyes-closed conditions, assessed immediately after the intervention using the One-Leg Standing Test (OLST) and the Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Task-related cortical activation, assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during eyes-closed balance tasks | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactRaden Galuh Gurmadi Gandawidura
Tokyo Metropolitan University Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences
Outcome results
None listed