Individuals who habitually skip breakfast
Conditions
Interventions
Skipping breakfast as usual
Ingest the prescribed breakfast by 8:00 AM.
Consume the designated breakfast by 8:00 AM, and the designated supplemental meal around 10:30 AM.
Sponsors
Hiroshima University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: #1.Individuals aged 18 to 24 years old at the time of informed consent. #2.Individuals who can provide written informed consent for participation in this study. #3.Individuals who habitually skip breakfast on three or more weekdays out of five. #4.Individuals who typically wake up by around 8:00 AM. #5.Individuals who perceive difficulty in maintaining concentration during the morning and do not have a habit of taking naps. #6.Non-smokers (Individuals who do not have a smoking habit).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: #1.Individuals currently undergoing treatment for sleep disorders such as insomnia, or those self-administering over-the-counter sleep aids. #2.Individuals with a past or present diagnosis of an eating disorder. #3.Individuals currently undergoing treatment for mental illnesses such as depression. #4.Women who are pregnant, potentially pregnant, breastfeeding, or desiring pregnancy. #5.Individuals with food allergies. #6.Any other individuals deemed inappropriate by the principal investigator or co-investigators.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Subjective and Objective Concentration Subjective concentration will be assessed using a 10cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) after a calculation task performed every 30 minutes. Objective concentration will be evaluated by the number of calculations and the number/rate of correct answers on a calculation task performed every 30 minutes. Furthermore, alpha, beta, and theta waves will be measured using a portable electroencephalograph (EEG, ZA-X, Proassist). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Hunger, satiety, and sleepiness will be assessed every 30 minutes using a 10cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Blood glucose levels will be measured using a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM). Sleep quality, as well as bedtime and wake-up times, will be evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), a morning sleepiness questionnaire, and daily logs. An actigraph will also be used for evaluation. Overall Quality of Life will be assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36v2), and mood states will be evaluated using the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition (POMS 2). Body composition will be measured using the TANITA MC-780. Dietary habits will be assessed through photographic meal records. Core body temperature will be measured using CORE (greenTEG AG), and autonomic nervous activity will be measured using a heart rate monitor (WHS-1, Union Tool Co., Ltd.). | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactHitomi Ogata
Hiroshima University Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Outcome results
None listed