Not applicable (healthy individuals)
Conditions
Interventions
To evaluate the acute effects of carbohydrate intake on performance, a liquid form is used for its rapid digestion and suitability during exercise. Participants ingest a 6.2% carbohydrate beverage (Po
Sponsors
Univ. Ritsumeikan
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: ?Male student athletes (aged 18-25 years) belonging to the Ritsumeikan University varsity hardball baseball team ?At least 3 years of experience as a baseball pitcher in hardball baseball ?Engaged in continuous performance-enhancing training, including resistance and aerobic exercise, for approximately 2 hours per day and at least 5 days per week ?No history of musculoskeletal injuries in the past 3 months or medical conditions such as neurological disorders, vascular disease, visual abnormalities, diabetes, or glucose metabolism disorders, and deemed capable of repeated pitching trials
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: ?History of smoking within the past year ?Fasting blood glucose level >= 110 mg/dL (indicative of metabolic disease) ?Color vision deficiency or other visual problems that hinder the execution of cognitive tasks ?Allergies to any ingredients in the test beverages ?Determined to be unable to safely perform repeated pitching trials ?Deemed unsuitable for participation by the medical supervisor
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Blood glucose dynamics during pitching trials (change in blood glucose levels measured at the end of every even-numbered inning from the start of carbohydrate intake to the end of exercise) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1.Ball velocity and spin rate (measured for all pitches using a sensor-equipped ball) 2.Pitching accuracy (evaluated using high-speed camera data and 95% confidence ellipse analysis) 3.Heart rate variability during pitching (monitored with Polar H10 device) 4.Blood lactate concentration (measured via capillary blood sampling at six time points, aligned with blood glucose measurements) 5.Perceived exertion (evaluated using RPE at rest, post-warm-up, post-performance test, and after each inning) 6.Mental fatigue, concentration, motivation, and gastrointestinal discomfort (evaluated using VAS after each inning) 7.Grip strength (measured before and after pitching trials) 8.Jump performance via CMJ (jump height and peak ground reaction force measured before and after pitching) 9.Cognitive function (evaluated using Stroop Color-Word Task before and after pitching trials) 10.Blinding effectiveness (assessed by verbal identification of beverage condition after trials) | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactHaruru Watabe
Univ. Ritsumeikan Graduate School of Sport and Health Science
Outcome results
None listed