Young female adults
Conditions
Interventions
inhalation of Shikuwasa essential oil
Inhalation of odour-free air (non-active control condition)
Sponsors
University of Miyazaki
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Female aged 18-39 years at the time of obtaining written informed consent. 2.Not being averse to the smell of citrus fruits, including Shikuwasa. 3.Expressing a willingness to participate in the study and providing voluntary consent by signing the informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Having a history of or currently suffering from clinically problematic respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, haematological, renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, dermatological, or mental disorders. 2.Having a history of serious trauma or surgery within 12 weeks prior to the study. 3.Being sensitive to cold even in summer. 4.Unable to detect odours. 5.Having a history of or suspected allergy to foods (especially citrus fruits) or drugs requiring some kind of medical treatment. 6.Regularly taking psychotropic drugs (e.g. antidepressants, anxiolytics, or hypnotics) 7.Heavy smoker (21 or more cigarettes per day), heavy drinker (regularly drinking more than 60g pure alcohol per day), or having or suspected to have alcohol/substance misuse problems. 8.Regularly taking medicines, eating foods for specified health use, foods with function claims, or health food products that may affect the study results. 9.Being or possibly being pregnant or breastfeeding. 10.Have participated in other clinical trials within 4 weeks prior to the study. 11.Identifications of additional reasons, as deemed by study investigators, rendering the participant unsuitable for inclusion in the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The tense arousal subscale scores of the Japanese version of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist [JUMACL] after two minutes of inhalation of Shikuwasa essential oil fragrance or odour-free air. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. The changes of miosis rate (autonomic nervous activity) before and after inhalation of Shikuwasa essential oil fragrance or odour-free air for 2 minutes. 2. The changes in peripheral skin temperature (autonomic nervous activity) before and after inhalation of Shikuwasa essential oil fragrance or odour-free air for 2 minutes. 3. The changes in cerebral blood flow (central nervous activity) before and after inhalation of Shikuwasa essential oil fragrance or odour-free air for 2 minutes. 4. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) evaluation of preference and impression regarding Shikuwasa essential oil inhalation or odour-free air inhalation. 5. Adverse events | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactYasuji Arimura
University of Miyazaki Department of Health Care Research, University of Miyazaki (Kiyotake Branch)
Outcome results
None listed