Patent Foramen Ovale
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Cases undergoing conventional valsalva maneuver stress and party balloon inflation maneuver during saline contrast transthoracic echocardiography to detect patent foramen ovale were consecutively enrolled from June 1, 2021 to March 31, 2024.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Cases with insufficiently recorded information necessary for analysis and those deemed inappropriate by the responsible physician for the study are excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Comparison of microbubble grading in saline contrast transthoracic echocardiography between conventional valsalva maneuver and party balloon inflation maneuver | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Teikyo University Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology