The lack of clarity regarding the effect of switching to vaping from tobacco cigarettes on gingival health
Conditions
Interventions
smoking
vaping
Sponsors
Universitas Padjadajaran
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: smokers
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: having an acute illness that required treatment (subjects who had a viral infection) within 4 weeks before the enrolment visit, having oral soft tissue disease or any type of gingival overgrowth other than those caused by plaque, suffering from periodontitis, having a history of tooth loss due to periodontitis, being treated with anticoagulant therapy in the previous six months, using prostheses or orthodontic appliances, history of alcoholism or drug/chemical abuse, taking any drug or substance (other than tobacco) that interferes with the cyclooxygenase pathway (e.g. anti-inflammatory drugs including aspirin and ibuprofen) in the 14 days prior to the enrolment visit, taking antibiotics in the 14 days prior to the enrolment visit, breastfeeding or pregnant women.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| taoc increased. | — |
Countries
Asia(except Japan)
Contacts
Public ContactIndra Pribadi
Universitas Padjadjaran Periodonsia
Outcome results
None listed