Pain management
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: This study was a prospective, randomized trial carried out on 200 patients of different ages and both sexes who attended Aljadaani Hospital scheduled for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia from February 2019 to May 2021.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria were a history of peripheral neuropathy, inability to understand or communicate, anxiety disorders (defined by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale9), failure of the first insertion of the needle, allergy to lidocaine, or patient refusal to participate in the study. Any patients using antidepressants, analgesics, anticonvulsant sedatives, or alcohol were also excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The pain intensity during spinal anesthesia induction was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). | — |
Countries
Asia(except Japan),Africa
Contacts
Assiut university Pediatrics