dysphagia
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Healthy adults who consented to participate in this study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Those who had a cold or acute respiratory illness within 2 weeks of the study, those with a history of chronic rhinitis or chronic sinusitis, those with anatomical malformations of the nose, smokers, and those taking drugs were not included in the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Evaluate within 1 hour. Consider whether mucociliary transport will require more time. | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Department of Oral Facial Disorders