Healthy, elderly and COPD people.
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: healthy college students, elderly people (from 60 to 85 years old) without exclusion criteria and stable COPD patients (from 60 to 85 years old) at Terada internal medicine and respiration .
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The history of cardiopulmonary diseases, rhinitis, seasonal allergy, sinusitis, myocardial infarction, pneumothorax, exacerbations within 8 weeks and common cold within 4 weeks. If participants feels coughing or uncomfortable with perfume or smell.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Dyspnea by modified Borg scale. Japanese version of multidimensional dyspnea profile, | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Himeji Dokkyo University Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care Sciences.