jaw deformity
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: patients who undergoing orthognathic surgery were included in this study. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: they had obesity (body mass index over 30 kg/m2); could not be extubated immediately after surgery; had been treated any analgesic drug within 24 hours prior to surgery; had a history of chronic pain, drug or alcohol abuse, or psychiatric disease; and had contraindications to the self-administration of opioids [i.e. they were unable to understand the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device].
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Amount of fentanyl administered within 24 hours after surgery. Visual analog scale (VAS) values at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Estimated effect-site concentrations of both fentanyl and remifentanil at extubation. Time from the completion of surgery to the extubation. Side-effects. | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital Department of Anesthesiology