Singletons in low-risk term deliveries proceeding in the vertex position
Conditions
Interventions
Date: February 2010 and December 2011 Method: traditional high-dose intermittent epidural injection (group H-EPD) Medication: 0.25% bupivacaine Dose: 9-12 mL initially, 6 mL thereafter Frequency:
Sponsors
Kitasato University Hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Singletons in low-risk term pregnancies with the vertex position
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: fetal breech position, maternal short stature less than 150 cm, severe maternal complications (pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, coagulation disorder, etc.), estimated fetal body weight more than 4,000 g, fetal complications (fetal growth restriction, known coiling of the umbilical cord, fetal anomaly, etc.), and refusal of the patient
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Fetal head positioning; start of analgesia, before pushing and at delivery. Modified Bromage score; 30 min after analgesia and at delivery. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual analog scale; 30 min after analgesia and at delivery. Maternal satisfaction; within 24 hrs after delivery. Cervical dilatation and station of the fetal head; start of analgesia, rupture of membrane, and oxytocin infusion if necessary. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Perineal injuries. | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
Public ContactHisako OKADA
Keiyu Hospital Anesthesiology
Outcome results
None listed