gynecological abdominal surgery
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: patients undergo elective gynaecological abdominal surgery with lower abdominal incision below umbilicus
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients were not excluded if they had diabetes, chronic pain, psychiatric illness, a preoperative use of opioid analgesics, a history of drugs or alcohol abuse, or were unable to use a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device. Patients were also excluded if there were any contraindications to epidural catheter placement, or if they refused epidural catheter placement.
Design outcomes
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| pain intensity assessed with the Prince Henry pain scale | — |
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| cumulative amount of local anesthetics at 48 h after surgery | — |
Countries
Japan
Contacts
University of tsukuba Faculty of Medicine