diabetic retinopathy
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients diagnosed diabetic retinopathy requiring pan-retinal ph-otocoagulation based on detailed fundus examination or fundus fluorescein angiography were included.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients with the following conditions were excluded: refractive media opacity precluding the laser process skin diseases at the needle insertion site coagulopathy mental diseases or inability to understand or cooperate recent history of analgesic drug use and history of metal stent implantation such as cardiac pacemaker.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| visual analogue scale; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong