Reluctance to vaccinate against COVID-19 and negative perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in unvaccinated participants Infections and Infestations
Conditions
Interventions
This study was previously registered before any participants were randomly assigned to an intervention or control at The American Economic Association's registry for Randomized Controlled Trials (AEAR
Sponsors
University of Nottingham
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Living in the United States 2. Aged 18 years or older 3. Participation limited to those who report never having received a COVID-19 vaccine dose
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Does not meet the inclusion criteria
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The researchers elicit responses to the following ten questions on perceptions about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines. These responses are all elicited on a scale of 0 to 100. The elicitation for all ten questions was presented to respondents after the intervention. 1. Perception about the effectiveness of vaccines in preventing infections from COVID-19 2. Perception about the effectiveness of vaccines in preventing severe illness from COVID-19 3. Intention to develop “natural immunity” by getting infected with the live COVID-19 virus 4. Perception that a COVID-19 infection (or reinfection) would pose a significant risk to their health 5. Concern about being exposed to COVID-19 6. Intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 7. Concern about side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine 8. Perception of trust in information from doctors 9. Perception of trust in information about COVID-19 vaccination from the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) 10. Perception of trust in information about COVID-19 vaccination from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The primary outcome variables were derived from the COVID-19 Perceptions. The researchers used these to construct three primary indices for evaluating perceptions. These are listed below in descending order of importance: 1. Perception 1: Vaccination intentions and concerns: (5, 6) 2. Perception 2: Vaccination efficacy: (1, 2) 3. Perception 3: Vaccination side effects: (7) Each index was constructed by taking the mean of the relevant variables and then standardizing this mean value across subjects. The indices had a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Perception 1 – Perception 3 were the primary analysis. Perception 1 is the most important outcome. Vaccination intentions and concerns are the primary policy-relevant concerns. The researchers influenced beliefs about vaccine efficacy (Perception 2) primarily with the hope that it encouraged greater vaccine take-up. Concerns about the side effects of vaccinatio | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Compared to the previous outcomes, the researchers also explored a fourth index: 1. Perception 4: Trust in institutions: (8, 9, 10 of the previous ten perceptions questions about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines presented in the primary outcome measure section). This index also was constructed by taking the mean of the relevant variables and then standardizing this mean value across subjects. This index has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. The researchers were also interested in the information-seeking behaviors of the subjects. To capture this, two of our video treatments (V1 and V2) allowed subjects to elect to watch additional videos after their first mandatory video. The researchers measured “information-seeking” as the number of subsequent videos watched. As a secondary measure, they also analyzed the amount of time spent watching those videos. 1. Seeking 1: Number of additional videos watched (0 to 4) 2. Seeking 2: Time spent watching additional videos (supplementary) | — |
Countries
England, United Kingdom, United States of America
Outcome results
None listed