Schistosoma haematobium infection Infections and Infestations Schistosomiasis [bilharziasis]
Conditions
Interventions
The S. haematobium prevalence will be determined annually in cross-sectional surveys conducted in schools and communities of the study area. The baseline survey will be conducted in 2020, and follow-u
Sponsors
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
3 Years to 110 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. All persons aged >3 years, living in the study shehias 2. Submitted informed consent form (ICF) signed by parent or legal guardian in case of participating children and adolescents, or signed by the participant in case of participating adults 3. One urine sample with sufficient volume to perform diagnostic tests provided
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Children =3 years 2. Children, adolescents and adults not living in the study area 3. ICF not submitted or not signed by parent or legal guardian in case of participating children or adolescents or not signed by the participant in case of participating adults 4. No urine sample of sufficient volume to perform diagnostic tests provided
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The number of S. haematobium infected individuals detected and reported through the surveillance system divided by the number of positive individuals in the population as extrapolated from the cross-sectional surveys, i.e. the mean sensitivity of the surveillance-response system determined over 3 years. S. haematobium infections will be determined by the urine filtration method (detecting S. haematobium eggs in 10 ml urine) and reagent strip method (Hemastix; detecting microhaemturia in urine) applied on a single urine per participant in annual cross-sectional surveys (i.e. at baseline in 2020 and follow-up surveys in 2021, 2022, and 2023). For surveillance of high-risk groups the researchers will use the reagent strip method as a rapid test indicator for S. haematobium infections throughout the study years (2020 till 2023). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Performance parameters of the surveillance system: 1.1. Sensitivity of surveillance-response system for each study year (S. haematobium infection measured by the urine filtration method, by reagent strips and new rapid diagnostic tests once available; determined throughout the years during surveillance and in annual cross-sectional surveys in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023) 1.2. Timeliness of case notification and reactive intervention throughout the study years (time from case notification by active and passive surveillance to reactive intervention; measured by comparing the dates of records pertaining to surveillance and response throughout the study years 2020 till 2023) 1.3. Acceptability of surveillance-response throughout the study years (feedback from study participants with regard to surveillance-response activities; annually measured by questionnaire interviews during cross-sectional surveys interviews in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023) 2. Impact of interventions in hotspots over time: 2.1. S. haematobium prevalence in annual cross-sectional surveys (S. haematobium egg absence/presence in 10 ml urine measured by urine filtration and microhaematuria absence/presence measured by reagent strips; annually measured during cross-sectional surveys in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023) 2.2. S. haematobium infection intensity in annual cross-sectional surveys (S. haematobium egg counts in 10 ml urine; measured by urine filtration; annually measured during cross-sectional surveys in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023) 3. Impact of reactive interventions in low-risk areas over time: 3.1. S. haematobium prevalence in annual cross-sectional surveys (S. haematobium egg absence/presence in 10 ml urine measured by urine filtration and microhaematuria absence/presence measured by reagent strips; annually measured during cross-sectional surveys in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023) 3.2. S. haematobium infection intensity in annual cross-sectional surveys (S. haematobium egg counts in 10 ml urine; meas | — |
Countries
Tanzania
Outcome results
None listed