Cardiovascular health Circulatory System
Conditions
Interventions
A restricted randomization list was created using PASS 2008 (PASS, LLC. Kaysville, UT, USA) statistical software running on Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard SP1 64 bit Edition (Microsoft, USA) by a bio
~ 55 mg flavanols)
2. The second group took four pills/day (2 grams in total
~ 110 mg flavanols)
3. The last group took 8 pills/day (4 grams total ~ 220 mg flavanols)
The participants were instructed to maintain their usual dietary intakes during the trial, and requested to r
Sponsors
CasaLuker S.A.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 25–50 years 2. Good general health 3. Body mass index between 22 and 30 kg/m2 4. No history of chronic diseases
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Individuals who were taking anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular medications, lipid-altering drugs, and hormone replacement therapy 2. Smokers 3. Individuals engaged in vigorous exercise 4. Vegetarians 5. People who routinely take multivitamins or herbal supplements
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Primary and secondary outcomes were measured at the same timepoints: before the beginning of the treatment (T-0) and after 2 hours (T-1), 2 weeks (T-2) and 4 weeks (T-3). 1. Urinary F2-Isoprostanes, determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of morning urine sampled at the beginning of the study (baseline), at 2 weeks, and at the end of the study (4 weeks) 2. Plasma glutathione, determined with Glutathione HPLC kit (ImmundiagnostikAG, Bensheim, Germany) in whole blood samples 3. Blood fatty acid composition, analyzed by gas chromatography (Shimadzu) using a 30-m Omegawax 320 (Supelco-Sigma) capillary column 4. Plasma concentration of oxidized LDL, measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using a commercially available kit (Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), measured using colorimetric enzymatic tests (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) before the beginning of the treatment (T-0) and after 2 hours (T-1), 2 weeks (T-2) and 4 weeks (T-3). | — |
Countries
Italy
Outcome results
None listed