Mental health and overall well-being indicators. Not Applicable
Conditions
Interventions
Participants are randomly assigned at the household level to one of the seven arms (six treatment and one control). The random assignment is stratified by area and education level of the women. The ba
Sponsors
Stanford University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Women are eligible for this study if they are: 1. Married 2. Between 18-45 years old 3. Own a smartphone or have access to one for many hours a day 4. Able to correctly complete at least two out of three Rani Job tasks 5. Living with their husbands (not in their maternal homes) 6. Living in either a slum or a slum redeveloped colony 7. Is not working for more than 20 hours a week already 8. Did not have another woman living in the same house also enrolled in this study The researchers also survey 50% of their husbands
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Does not meet the inclusion criteria
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Job take-up rates are measured by observing whether women are actually completing tasks on the Rani platform (more than 0 tasks, and more than 10 tasks) right after the baseline survey. The researchers also measure job take-up during the two baseline surveys where they ask women to self-report whether they are accepting or rejecting the job. 2. Mental health indicators are measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale (using the first eight measures), and a tension/stress scale developed for this context measured at baseline, and endline (after 2-3 months from baseline) 3. Agency and empowerment outcomes are measured using a combination of indices measured at baseline and then at endline 2-3 months from baseline using various Likert scales: 3.1. Women's agency and decision-making at home (within household measures, and being able to pursue career of own choice, restrictions in ability to work). These also include measures around women's estimated economic value for how much women should be paid for doing housework in their own house (economic value of a woman, as measured by women and their husbands), and domestic violence metrics (whether a woman believes if she goes against her husband, then he will shout at or beat her, and whether domestic violence increases/decreases when a woman first starts to earn money) 3.2. Financial independence measured by having own bank account under own name and savings 3.3. Mobility (being allowed to visit places using public transport) 3.4. Social network (number of women on the floor/building who she regularly speaks to) 3.5. Confidence measured as level of confidence in being able to do a job 3.6. Aspirations measured by aspirational income level and how different it is from their actual income level | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Job retention rates are measured by the number of women in each treatment arm who work for >500 tasks, >5,000 tasks, >10,000 tasks, and completed all 15,000 tasks on the platform during the job intervention duration 2. Social norms measured at baseline and then at endline 2-3 months from baseline using a Likert scale: 2.1. Changes in perceptions of women working/not working, perceptions of others' perceptions of women's work, changes in decision to work after not being able to work 2.2. Dignity: where a woman's self-worth and family's image lie in a woman following social norms 2.3. Capabilities: whether a woman thinks she can manage a household and a job together 2.4. Insecurities: whether a woman would be worried if she started to earn more than her husband 3. Time use is measured at baseline and then at endline 2-3 months from baseline where women are asked how they spend the different hours of the day working and doing other household chores during the day | — |
Countries
India
Outcome results
None listed