Depression Mental and Behavioural Disorders Depression
Conditions
Interventions
Participants:
Target number of participants with depression is 85 (N = 35 in experiment group, N = 50 in control group). An additional group (N = 15) without that condition will serve as a comparison
Sponsors
University of Jyvaskyla (Finland)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Adults (18 - 50 years of age), either sex 2. Participants must have a depression as the primary diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) chapters F32 (depressive episode) to F33 (recurrent depressive disorder). In this study, depression is the primary focus of interest but because of the frequent comorbidity of depression and anxiety, also the latter, if occurring with primary diagnosis of depression, is included. This will be assessed by Mini-SCID (a structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised [DSM-III-R]) administered by a clinical expert. 3. Musical skills or any given musical background are not required, although these do not prevent participating
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Repeated suicidal behaviour 2. Psychosis 3. Acute and severe substance abuse 4. Severeness of depression: patients must be able to participate in measurements and verbal conversation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Symptoms of depression will be measured with the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The MADRS is an interview-based scale consisting of 10 items and the total score varies between 0 and 60. This was measured before and three months after randomisation. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Secondary outcomes of general relevance for the patient: 1. Anxiety will be evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The anxiety subscale (HADS-A) of this widely used, valid and reliable questionaire consists of seven items, whereby higher scores (from 0 - 21) indicate more anxiety. 2. General functioning will be measured using a blind rating with the GAF (global assessment of functioning) 3. Quality of life will be evaluated by the 36-item RAND scale (RAND-36). It maps well-being and functioning on eight dimensions. 4. Alexithymia will be evaluated with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), which is a self-report questionnaire for the assessment of alexithymia Secondary outcomes specifically linked to the assumed mechanisms of music therapy: 5. All the improvisations created in the therapy sessions will be recorded either as MIDI-data (mallet midi-controllers and midi-percussion) or as digital audio (Djembe drums). For the analysis of MIDI-data, a computational method called MTTB (Music Therapy Toolbox), particularly developed for analysis of music therapy improvisations in MIDI-format will be employed. The MTTB-method makes possible to automatically extract various musical features as well as some aspects of therapist-client interaction. Previously the method has been successfully utilised in the study based on the analysis of clinical improvisations by people with mental retardation. For the analysis of digital audio data, a computational method called MIR (Music Information Retrieval) will be employed. Like the MTTB, the MIR also makes possible to extract particular musical features from the music and musical interaction to be further interpreted. The method has not been utilised in clinical context before. 6. Collected video material is used as a resource for the interpretation of results, and for studying the processes. Master students and post-graduate students will conduct qualitative and quantitative content analyses. Focu | — |
Countries
Finland
Outcome results
None listed