Dental anxiety, pain, behavior, and heart rate in anxious children Oral Health
Conditions
Interventions
Eligible children were randomly allocated to the control or intervention group in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated random sequence.
1. Control arm
Children receive conventional behavior guidanc
Levi et al., 2022). It requires no device, application, or timer and is delivered through verbal instruction and live modelling alone, which keeps it applicable in resource-limited settings (Levi et a
the child places one hand on the abdomen to feel it rise and fall so that a diaphragmatic (belly-breathing) pattern is reinforced (Levi et al., 2022
Bahrololoomi et al., 2022).
The exercise is demonstrated by the investigator, a dentist trained in guiding paediatric breathing exercises, and rehearsed with the child until it can be performed correc
Sponsors
Syrian Private University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
5 Years to 8 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 5-8 years 2. Good general health (ASA physical status I) 3. Moderate-to-high dental anxiety (CFSS-DS total score = 32; range 15–75) 4. Requiring a dental procedure involving local anesthesia (pulpotomy of a primary molar) 5. Written parental/guardian consent and child assent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Any systemic, neurological, developmental, or respiratory condition that could affect cooperation or breathing 2. A History of severe or disabling dental anxiety requiring pharmacological management 3. Refusal to participate by the parent or the child 4. Presence of any contraindication to local anesthesia or the specific anesthetic agent used
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Dental Anxiety measured using Children’s Fear Survey Schedule–Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS; 15–75) at Before procedure, After breathing exercise, After anesthesia, End of session;Self-reported pain measured using Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (ordinal, 0–10) at Before intervention, After breathing exercise, After anesthesia, End of session | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Behavior measured using Frankl Behavior Rating Scale at during treatment;Heart rate measured using a portable, motion-tolerant, medical-grade pulse oximeter (Masimo Rad-G, Masimo SET® Measure-through Motion technology; Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA), which reports oxygen saturation, pulse rate and respiration rate from the photoplethysmogram (RRp) from a single fingertip pediatric sensor; parameters are logged automatically by the device’s internal data logger at Before procedure, After breathing exercise, After anesthesia, End of session | — |
Countries
Syria
Contacts
Public ContactFehmieh Nawaya
Outcome results
None listed