Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage C and D Respiratory
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Confirmed COPD diagnosis meeting all of the following criteria 1.1 Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.70 1.2 Negative bronchodilator reversibility 1.3 Classification into high-risk clinical phenotypes defined as Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) groups C and D, characterised by = 2 exacerbations or = 1 hospitalisation for an exacerbation in the previous year
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Current smoking or smoking cessation within 6 months prior to screening 2. An acute COPD exacerbation requiring hospitalisation within 4 weeks prior to enrolment 3. Severe cardiovascular comorbidities, including ejection fraction = 40 percent, recent myocardial infarction, or severe arrhythmias 4. Concurrent pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, tuberculosis, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 5. Active malignancies 6. Immunodeficiency 7. Use of systemic immunosuppressants within 8 weeks prior to enrolment or TNF inhibitors within 3 months prior to enrolment
Countries
Viet Nam