Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation Infections and Infestations Bacterial, viral and other infectious agents
Conditions
Interventions
Children aged 1-5 years are recruited to this study as UK carriage rates peak at 2 years and start to decline at 5 years. Children without a current infection awaiting a minor procedure that requires
Sponsors
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Children aged 1-5 years 2. Parent with fluent spoken English - to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the research project and the proposed involvement 3. Capacity of parent to give informed consent 4. Awaiting minor procedure requiring general anesthesia
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria: 1. Taking daily medications that may affect the immune system e.g. systemic steroids or systemic corticosteroids. 2. Having received antibiotics in the preceding 28 days 3. History of respiratory infections requiring hospitalization 4. Involved in another clinical trial unless observational or in follow-up (non-interventional) phase. 5. Disease associated with altered immunity 6. Surgery related to infection 7. Asthma 8. Current severe acute respiratory infection
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The frequency of monocytes in nasal microbiopsies of children carrying pneumococcus and those who don’t is measured by flow cytometry at the study visit. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Pneumococcal carriage is measured using lyta qPCR from nasopharyngeal swabs at study visit 2. Viral infection is measured by multiplex PCR in children that carry pneumococcus or not at study visit 3. Cytokines in nasal lining fluid of children carrying pneumococcus or not is measured using Luminex at study visit 4. Nasal frequency of other immune cells potentially involved in control of carriage, i.e. neutrophils and CD4+ T cells, in children who carry and those who don’t will be compared by flow cytometry at study visit 5. Nasal cells responses to in vitro stimulation with pneumococcus in children who carry pneumococcus or not will be measured by Luminex at study visit 6. Immune cell frequency, phenotype and function will be measured in blood of children who carry pneumococcus or not using flow cytometry at study visit 7. Anntibody levels against pneumococcal capsule and proteins in children who carry pneumococcus or not will be measured using ELISA and multiplex at study visit | — |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed