Improving executive functioning in healthy individuals Not Applicable
Conditions
Interventions
Subjects consumed capsules containing 200 mg of paraxanthine (ENFINITY™, Ingenious Ingredients L.P., Lewisville, TX, USA) or capsules containing 200 mg of a wheat flour placebo (Placebo) once they hav
Sponsors
Ingenious Ingredients L.P.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Apparently healthy males and females between the ages of 18 to 59 were recruited to participate in the study. All subjects were healthy and free from known: 1. Cognitive deficit conditions 2. Wheat flour allergies 3. Sleep disorders 4. Cardiovascular, metabolic, or pulmonary diseases 5. History of hypertension, migraine headaches, cardiac arrhythmias, or anxiety 6. Gastrointestinal reflux disease or ulcers
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Subjects who were taking prescription medications in the month prior to the initiation of the study and/or were told by a physician to abstain or restrict caffeine and/or stimulant intake were excluded from the present study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software program (Version 2.1, http://pebl.sourceforge.net) was used to administer four cognitive function tests that assessed a range of cognitive and executive function aspects: 1. Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting Task test (BCST) at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after ingestion 2. The Go/No-Go test (GNG) at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after ingestion 3. Sternberg Task Test (STT) at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after ingestion 4. Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test (PVTT) at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after ingestion | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| There are no secondary outcome measures | — |
Countries
United States of America
Outcome results
None listed