Depressive symptoms and social anxiety symptoms Mental and Behavioural Disorders Depressive episode, unspecified
Conditions
Interventions
Patients will be screened using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, based on which they will be allocated to either t
Sponsors
Karolinska Institute
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria for participants with social anxiety symptoms are: 1. Aged between 18 and 35 years 2. Female gender 3. A score over 50 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale in its self-report formulation (LSAS-SR) 4. A confirmation of the disorder during a face-to-face interview 5. Normosmic as screened with Sniffin’ Stick test 6. No previous diagnosis of COVID-19 7. No pregnancy 8. Non-smokers The inclusion criteria for participants with depressive symptoms are: 1. Aged between 18 and 35 years 2. Female gender 3. A score over 5 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) 4. A confirmation of the disorder during a face-to-face interview 5. Normosmic as screened with Sniffin’ Stick test 6. No previous diagnosis of COVID-19 7. No pregnancy 8. Non-smokers
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Chronic rhinitis or other conditions that may affect the ability to perceive odors 2. Breastfeeding 3. Presence of other mental disorders (including substance abuse disorders) apart from major depression, chronic depression, minor depression, or dysphoria and social anxiety disorder 4. Presence of any severe somatic or neurological conditions 5. Use of psychotropic drugs at the moment of the recruitment (including antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and mood stabilizers) 6. Presently undergoing psychological therapy, presence of severe psychotic symptoms (i.e. hallucinations and/or delusions) 7. Presence of suicidal thoughts 8. Incapability to understand and to give an informed consent for the experiment
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Anxiety symptoms measured by the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at baseline, at the end of day 1, at the beginning of day 2, after stress induction and at the end of day 2. Group 2: Mood state measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at baseline, at the end of day 1, at the beginning of day 2, and at the end of day 2. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 1. Anxiety symptoms measured using the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at 1-week follow-up 2. Mood state measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at the end of the session on the second day and at 1-week follow-up 3. Social anxiety using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale at baseline and at 1-week follow-up 4. Number of drop-outs in each odor group measured at the follow-up online session 1 week later Group 2: 1. Mood state measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at 1-week follow-up 2. Anxiety symptoms measured using the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at the end of the session on the second day and at 1-week follow-up 3. Social anxiety using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale at baseline and at 1-week follow-up 4. Number of drop-outs in each odor group measured at the follow-up online session 1 week later | — |
Countries
Italy
Contacts
Public ContactClaudio Gentili
Outcome results
None listed