Command hallucinations Mental and Behavioural Disorders Other symptoms and signs involving general sensations and perceptions
Conditions
Interventions
Three UK sites will be taking part: Birmingham, London and Manchester.
Participants will be randomly allocated to two groups:
1. Cognitive Therapy for Command Hallucin
ii) that the client must comply or appease or be severely punished
iii) the identity of the voice (e.g. the Devil) and iv) the meaning attached to the voice experience (e.g., the client is being punished for past bad behaviour).
Sponsors
University of Birmingham (UK)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 16-65 2. Primary diagnosis of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) schizophrenia or related disorder 3. History of experiencing command hallucinations (minimum 6 months) with risk of harm to self or others
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Over 65 years of age 2. Primary diagnosis of organic brain disorder 3. Primary diagnosis of addictive substance misuse 4. Insufficient command of the English language
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Compliance behaviour, assessed using the Cognitive Assessment of Voices Interview Schedule combined with the Revised Voice Compliance Scale. This is an observer rated scale to measure the level of compliance/resistance with each command, using information from the participant and at least one of three other informants (parent, spouse, keyworker). Each behaviour is then classified as: 1. Neither appeasement nor compliant 2. Symbolic appeasement, i.e. compliant with innocuous and/or harmless commands 3. Actual appeasement i.e. preparatory acts or gestures 4. Partial compliance with at least one severe command 5. Full compliance with at least one severe command The ratings are taken at baseline, 9 and 18 months. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Beliefs about voices, distress and symptoms assessed at baseline, 9 and 18 months follow-up as follows: 1. Voice power is measured using the Voice Power Differential Scale (VPD) which measures the power differential between voice and voice hearer 2. Distress associated with delusions about voices is measured using the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS) 3. Psychosis symptoms are rated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) 4. Beck Hopelessness scale & Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation 5. Calgary Depression Scale 6. Personal Knowledge Questionnaire 7. Beliefs about voice questionnaire 8. Suicide and self-injury scale (SASII) 9. Childhood trauma questionnaire | — |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed