Childhood stunting Musculoskeletal Diseases
Conditions
Interventions
Children with early stunting who participated in the MAGNUS 1 trial will be invited for a 1-day follow-up at the same health facility as they attended in MAGNUS 1. We expect to be able to relocate up
Sponsors
University of Copenhagen
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
6 Years to 10 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria for children who participated in the MAGNUS 1 trial: 1. Confirmed participation in MAGNUS 1* 2. Living within the catchment area 3. Written informed consent given by parent/caregiver *Confirmed by birth certificate, identity card, or similar documents and/or other confirmation of previous participation in the MAGNUS 1 trial (e.g. informed consent form) Inclusion criteria for the reference group: 1. Age 6-10 years 2. Height-age-z-scores >-1 according to the WHO growth standards 3. Living within the catchment area of MAGNUS 1 trial participants 4. Written informed consent given by parent/caregiver
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria for children who participated in MAGNUS 1 trial and the reference group: 1. SAM; measured as BMI-for-age z-score < -3 OR bilateral pitting oedema 2. Medical complications requiring hospitalization 3. Disability that makes height assessment problematic 4. Participation in another study or program which impacts on this study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cardiometabolic risk markers: 1. Glucose , mmol/L (full blood, HemoCue 201) and HbA1c, mmol/mol (full blood, HemoCue501) 2. Insulin, pmol/L (serum, Cobas 400 immunoassay) 3. Lipids (total cholesterol, mmol/L, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, mmol/L and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, mmol/L and triglycerides, mmol/L) (serum, Pentra400, Horiba ABX) 4. Blood pressure, mmHg (Welch Allyn ProBP2000) 5. C-peptide, ng/mL (serum, Cobas 400 immunoassay) All primary and secondary outcomes will be measured once. For children who participated in the MAGNUS trial, this corresponds to a 5-year follow-up. For new reference children, this is their first and only assessment. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Weight, kg (Seca scale) 2. Total height, cm (Shorr height board) 3. Knee-heel length, mm (Shorr knee-height caliper) 4. BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) (WHO Anthro) 5. Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) (WHO Anthro) 6. Child development: 6.1. Cognition test (Kaufman assessment battery for children, KABC-II) 6.2. School achievement (school grades) 6.3. Motor function (grip strength, broad jump) (Takei, Japan and non-elastic measuring tape) 7. Haemoglobin, g/dL (full blood, HemoCue801) 8. Body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance: FM, kg, FFM, kg, FMI, kg/m2, FFMI, kg/m2 (BodyStat 500) 9. Organ size (liver, kidneys and spleen) (ultrasound, Sonoscape) 10. Skin folds: triceps, subscapularis, mm (Harpenden caliper) 11. Waist circumference, cm (non-elastic measuring tape) 12. Abdominal fat (ultrasound, Sonoscape) 13. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), cm (non-elastic measuring tape) 14. Blood hormone markers: 14.1. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), ng/mL (serum, Cobas 400 immunoassay) 15. Blood markers of systemic inflammation 15.1. C-reactive protein (CRP), mg/L (serum, high throughput ELISA) 15.2. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), µg/mL (serum, high throughput ELISA) 16. Blood markers of micronutrient status: 16.1. Iron: serum ferritin, µg/L and soluble transferrin receptor, mg/L (serum, high throughput ELISA) 16.2. Vitamin B12: plasma cobalamin, pmol/L (Advia Centaur CP Immunoassay System) and plasma methyl malonic acid (MMA), µmol/L (plasma, mass spectrometry) 16.3. Folate, nmol/L (plasma, Advia Centaur CP Immunoassay System) 16.4. Vitamin A (retinol binding protein), µmol/L (serum, high throughput ELISA) 17. Gut microbiota (stool, 16S rRNA sequencing) 18. Gut function (e.g., plasma citrulline [mass spectrometry], faecal myeloperoxidase, faecal neopterin, faecal alpha-1-antritrypsin [stool, ELISA]) 19. Morbidity (questionnaire) All primary and secondary outcomes will be measured once. For children who participated in the MAGNUS trial, this corresponds to a | — |
Countries
Uganda
Contacts
Public ContactBenedikte Grenov
Outcome results
None listed