Obesity Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine Obesity
Conditions
Interventions
The intervention in this study was an unsupervised walking program. Immediately after the baseline data collection, women in the intervention group attended a training session. At this session, the wo
however, they were advised to keep the bouts to at least 10 minutes. Walking could occur indoors, such as walking at the mall, or outdoors, such as walking at the park. To help participants in the int
Sponsors
Iowa State University (USA)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Participants who were enrolled met the following inclusion criteria: 1. Maternal age between 18-45 years old 2. Singleton pregnancy 3. Non-smoker 4. Self-reported overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] > 25.0 kg/m2) or obese (BMI > 30.0 kg/m2) prior to pregnancy 5. No prior history of chronic diseases (including type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorder or lung disorder), and no prior history of gestational diabetes. 6. In addition, only women who engaged in less than three times per week of Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) for 30 minutes or more per session, 6-months preceding their enrollment into the study were recruited. Pre-pregnancy PA participation was self-reported (questions in the screening process) and LTPA was defined as activities performed each week beyond normal daily routines.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria will be necessary to limit confounding factors of the data which includes: 1. Multiple fetuses (this may not be known at the time of enrollment) 2. History of gestational diabetes 3. Chronic disease 4. Lung or thyroid disorders 5. History of exercising regularly (>3 times per week of moderate exercise for at least 6 months prior to conception) 6. Anyone with a pacemaker or electromagnetic device or using portable oxygen 7. Physical restrictions that would prevent the woman from walking for 30 minutes on most days 8. Inability to communicate due to language or mental status
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Physical activity 2. Weight 3. Pregnancy weight gain | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Dietary intake 2. Self-efficacy 3. Infant outcomes (anthropometrics, developmental milestones) The following measurements were made at baseline (approximately weeks 10-14 of pregnancy): height, weight, body composition (BIA), physical activity (pedometer and accelerometer), diet ( 3-day weighed diet record). The following measurements were made at the second study visit (weeks 17-19 of pregnancy): weight, body composition (BIA), physical activity (pedometer and accelerometer), diet (3-day weighed diet record). The following measurements were made at the third (weeks 27-29 of pregnancy) and fourth (weeks 34-36 of pregnancy) study visits: height, weight, body composition (BIA), physical activity (pedometer and accelerometer), diet (3-day weighed diet record), and self-efficacy (scales for barrier and task self-efficacy). The following measurements were made at study visit 5 (1 month postpartum): birth weight reported, health outcomes of mother and child (survey), maternal weight, infant anthropometrics (weight, length, body composition using PEA POD), developmental milestones of child (mother report). The following measurements were made at study visit 6 (6 months postpartum): maternal weight, infant anthropometrics (weight, length, body composition using PEA POD), developmental milestones of child (mother report), maternal self-efficacy (scales for barrier and task self-efficacy). | — |
Countries
United States of America
Outcome results
None listed